Effects of Pitavastatin on Lipid-rich Carotid Plaques Studied Using High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluates the effectiveness of pitavastatin in patients with atherosclerosis.

Methods: Sixty patients with atherosclerosis with lipid-rich carotid plaques were included and allocated into low-dose (2 mg/d) and high-dose (4 mg/d) pitavastatin groups with 48 weeks of treatment. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), and the inflammation-related factors interleukin 6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and homocysteine were determined. High-resolution (3.0-T) magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the lipid core area, plaque thickness, total vessel area, lumen area, wall area, and normalized wall index.

Findings: After the treatment period, the blood serum values were improved in both groups, but the improvement was significantly better for total cholesterol (P < 0.009), HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), and homocysteine (all P < 0.001) in the high-dose group. The high-resolution magnetic resonance images revealed great improvements in both groups, although significantly better for the lipid core area (P < 0.001), plaque thickness (P < 0.001), wall area (P < 0.05), normalized wall index (P < 0.001), and lumen area (P < 0.05) in the HD group. Further analyses revealed a close correlation between lipid-rich plaques and changes in blood lipid components.

Implications: Pitavastatin had significant lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects in patients with atherosclerosis. It also reduced the lipid components and plaques of lipid rich carotid plaques. The effect was obviously stronger in the high-dose than in the low-dose group.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; blood lipid; carotid plaques; high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging; pitavastatin.