Methods to Assess Autophagy and Chronological Aging in Yeast

Methods Enzymol. 2017:588:367-394. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.086. Epub 2016 Nov 22.

Abstract

Autophagy is a catabolic process that is crucial for cellular homeostasis and adaptive response to changing environments. Importantly, autophagy has been shown to be induced in many longevity-associated scenarios and to be required to maintain lifespan extension. Notably, autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process among eukaryotes, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become a universal model system for unraveling the molecular machinery underlying autophagic mechanisms. Here, we discuss different protocols to monitor survival and autophagy of yeast cells upon chronological aging. These include the use of propidium iodide to assess the loss of cell membrane integrity, as well as clonogenic assays to directly determine survival rates. Additionally, we describe methods to quantify autophagic flux, including the alkaline phosphatase activity or the GFP liberation assays, which measure the delivery of autophagosomal cargo to the vacuole. In sum, we have recapped established protocols used to evaluate a link between lifespan extension and autophagy in yeast.

Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase; Autophagy; CLS; GFP-Atg8; Longevity; Yeast; Yeast survival.

MeSH terms

  • Alkaline Phosphatase / analysis
  • Alkaline Phosphatase / metabolism
  • Autophagy*
  • Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family / analysis
  • Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family / metabolism
  • Blotting, Western / methods
  • Enzyme Assays / methods
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / analysis
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence / methods
  • Propidium / metabolism
  • Proteolysis
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / cytology*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / analysis
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • ATG8 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Propidium
  • Alkaline Phosphatase