Trajectory formation principles are the same after mild or moderate stroke

PLoS One. 2017 Mar 22;12(3):e0173674. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173674. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

When we make rapid reaching movements, we have to trade speed for accuracy. To do so, the trajectory of our hand is the result of an optimal balance between feed-forward and feed-back control in the face of signal-dependant noise in the sensorimotor system. How far do these principles of trajectory formation still apply after a stroke, for persons with mild to moderate sensorimotor deficits who recovered some reaching ability? Here, we examine the accuracy of fast hand reaching movements with a focus on the information capacity of the sensorimotor system and its relation to trajectory formation in young adults, in persons who had a stroke and in age-matched control participants. We find that persons with stroke follow the same trajectory formation principles, albeit parameterized differently in the face of higher sensorimotor uncertainty. Higher directional errors after a stroke result in less feed-forward control, hence more feed-back loops responsible for segmented movements. As a consequence, movements are globally slower to reach the imposed accuracy, and the information throughput of the sensorimotor system is lower after a stroke. The fact that the most abstract principles of motor control remain after a stroke suggests that clinicians can capitalize on existing theories of motor control and learning to derive principled rehabilitation strategies.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Feedback, Sensory / physiology
  • Female
  • Hand / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Movement / physiology
  • Paresis / physiopathology
  • Paresis / rehabilitation
  • Psychomotor Performance / physiology
  • Stroke / physiopathology*
  • Stroke Rehabilitation

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the French institutions: Ministère de l’économie, de l’industrie et de l’emploi (MoJOS: 092930679), Ministère des Affaires sociales et de la Santé (MARGAUT: PHRC 2010-A00596-33) and by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (NUMEV: ANR-10-LABX-20). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.