1 aDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Pitié Salpétrière, APHP bParis Sorbonne University cInserm UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie dParis Descartes University, Paris, France eDepartment of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.