Previous reports demonstrated that bone density decreased rapidly during the initial few months of steroid therapy and continued decreasing at a rate of 2 to 4% annually. Our data indicates that denosumab can also play a role in the treatment of osteoporosis in the steroid-taking population.
Introduction: Respiratory physicians are often faced with the dilemma that long-term steroid use will deteriorate bone mineral density and quality. Previous reports demonstrated that bone density decreased 8 to 12% during the initial few months of steroid therapy then continued decreasing at a rate of 2 to 4% annually. Several prospective trials revealed that denosumab increased bone density in patients with osteoporosis [2-4] and decreased the rate of occurrence of fractures. The long-term efficacy of denosumab for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, however, has not yet been proven.
Materials: This has been an ongoing prospective study since 2014. In our respiratory centre, the first preventative measure used to combat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is oral bisphosphonates. Thirty-six patients were enlisted, and their treatment courses were changed from oral bisphosphonate, if administered, to the subcutaneous injection of denosumab 60 mg every 6 months, combined with a daily oral intake of DENOTAS® chewable combination tablets. The primary efficacy measures were changes in lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) and femoral BMD from baseline at 4, 8, 12 and 28 months.
Results: At the 12-month follow-up, bone mineral density in the lumbar spine area of these patients increased by 3.2%, while bone mineral density in the hip area showed no significant increase. At the 28-month follow-up, 25 patients were still included in this study. Femoral BMD at 28 months increased significantly from the 12-month follow-up (P = 0.0259), though the first 12 months showed no significant increase. LS BMD continued to increase through the 28-month period.
Conclusions: Very little is known regarding the active prevention of GIO. Our data indicates that denosumab can play a promising role in the treatment of GIO.
Keywords: Denosumab; Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis; Pulmonary patients; Steroid.