The Concussion Recognition Tool 5th Edition (CRT5): Background and rationale

Ruben J Echemendia; Willem Meeuwisse; Paul McCrory; Gavin A Davis; Margot Putukian; John Leddy; Michael Makdissi; S John Sullivan; Steven P Broglio; Martin Raftery; Kathryn Schneider; James Kissick; Michael McCrea; Jiří Dvořák; Allen K Sills; Mark Aubry; Lars Engebretsen; Mike Loosemore; Gordon Fuller; Jeffrey Kutcher; Richard Ellenbogen; Kevin Guskiewicz; Jon Patricios; Stanley Herring

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097508

The Concussion Recognition Tool 5th Edition (CRT5): Background and rationale

Br J Sports Med. 2017 Jun;51(11):870-871. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097508. Epub 2017 Apr 26.

Authors

Ruben J Echemendia^{1

2}, Willem Meeuwisse³, Paul McCrory⁴, Gavin A Davis⁵, Margot Putukian⁶, John Leddy^{7

8}, Michael Makdissi⁹, S John Sullivan¹⁰, Steven P Broglio¹¹, Martin Raftery¹², Kathryn Schneider^{13

14

15}, James Kissick^{16

17

18}, Michael McCrea¹⁹, Jiří Dvořák²⁰, Allen K Sills²¹, Mark Aubry²², Lars Engebretsen²³, Mike Loosemore²⁴, Gordon Fuller²⁵, Jeffrey Kutcher²⁶, Richard Ellenbogen²⁷, Kevin Guskiewicz²⁸, Jon Patricios^{29

30}, Stanley Herring³¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Concussion Care Clinic, University Orthopedics Center, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.
² University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
³ Sports Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
⁴ The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.
⁵ Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.
⁶ Department of Athletic Medicine, Princeton University, Princeton, USA.
⁷ UBMD Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University at Buffalo Concussion Management Clinic, Buffalo, New York, USA.
⁸ Department of Orthopaedics, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
⁹ The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.
¹⁰ School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
¹¹ NeuroTrauma Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
¹² World Rugby, Dublin, Ireland.
¹³ Centre Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁴ Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁵ Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁶ Carleton University Sport Medicine Clinic, Ottawa, Canada.
¹⁷ Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
¹⁸ International Paralympic Committee Medical Committee, Ottawa, Canada.
¹⁹ Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
²⁰ Neurology Department, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
²¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University, Franklin, Tennessee, USA.
²² International Ice Hockey Federation, Zurich, Switzerland.
²³ Medical and Scientific Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
²⁴ Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College Hospital, London, UK.
²⁵ Centre for Urgent and Emergency Care Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.
²⁶ The Sports Neurology Clinic, Brighton, Michigan, USA.
²⁷ Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
²⁸ Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
²⁹ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Johannesburg, South Africa.
³⁰ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
³¹ Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, and Neurological Surgery, Seattle, Washington, USA.

PMID: 28446450
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097508

Abstract

The Concussion Recognition Tool 5 (CRT5) is the most recent revision of the Pocket Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 that was initially introduced by the Concussion in Sport Group in 2005. The CRT5 is designed to assist non-medically trained individuals to recognise the signs and symptoms of possible sport-related concussion and provides guidance for removing an athlete from play/sport and to seek medical attention. This paper presents the development of the CRT5 and highlights the differences between the CRT5 and prior versions of the instrument.

Keywords: Assessment; Brain Injury; Concussion; Sports.

MeSH terms

Athletic Injuries / diagnosis*
Berlin
Brain Concussion / diagnosis*
Congresses as Topic
Humans
Neuropsychological Tests*
Sports Medicine / methods*