Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Hayat Mousa; Maheen Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2017.01.003

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017 Jun;64(3):487-505. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.01.003.

Authors

Hayat Mousa¹, Maheen Hassan²

Affiliations

¹ University of California, San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, MOB 211, MC 5030, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital, 7960 Birmingham Way, Room 2110, MC 5030, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. Electronic address: hmousa@ucsd.edu.
² University of California, San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, MOB 211, MC 5030, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital, 7960 Birmingham Way, Room 2110, MC 5030, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a normal physiologic process. It is important to distinguish GER from GER disease (GERD) since GER does not require treatment. Although a diagnosis of GERD can largely be based on history and physical alone, endoscopy and pH impedance studies can help make the diagnosis when there in atypical presentation. In children and adolescents, lifestyle changes and acid suppression are first-line treatments for GERD. In infants, acid suppression is not effective, but a trial of hydrolyzed formula can be considered, as milk protein sensitivity can be difficult to differentiate from GER symptoms.

Keywords: Endoscopy; Extraesophageal symptoms; Gastroesophageal reflux; Impedance; Lifestyle changes; Pediatrics; Proton pump inhibitors.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Child
Diagnosis, Differential
Electric Impedance
Endoscopy
Esophagitis, Peptic / diagnosis*
Gastroesophageal Reflux / diagnosis*
Gastroesophageal Reflux / therapy
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Infant

Grants and funding

T32 DK007202/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States