[Food, diet and dietetic in treatment of urinary tract dysfunctions. A review]

Abstract

Overactive bladder symptoms (OAB) are frequent and can impact quality of life for these patients. Numerous and various treatments could be proposed in order to improve well-being and quality of life, but all these treatments have side effects and determine for many patients, important care constraints. We present here a review of food and diet in OAB.

Material and methods: Literature review from PubMed Medline database and Google scholar to August 2016, without time restriction. Two hundred and ninety-six articles were screened, in English and in French, and finally, 10 were retained. HAS recommandation have been used for level of evidence.

Results: On the 10 studies included, only two randomised controled trial were included. The first one showed decreases on urgency (by a half) (P=0.02) and on frequency (by a third) (P=0.035), secondary to reduction of caffeine consumption by a half after education [LE2]. The second randomized trial showed significant decreases on the first need to void in urodynamic study after caffeine consumption (170mL vs. 210mL) [LE2]. Feed like bread, chicken or nutrient like vitamin C or D were assessed in cohort or observational studies and appear as protective factors of OAB onset. Instead carbonated drinks may have a negative impact on symptoms, increasing urinary incontinence (OR 1.41 [95 % CI: 1.02-1.95]) [LE2], and there are contradictory results for alcohol consumption.

Conclusion: Diet seems to have an impact on overactive bladder syndrome and particularly caffeine consumption, which increases storage symptoms.

Keywords: Alimentation; Diet; Food; Hyperactivité vésicale; Overactive bladder; Régime alimentaire.