The cross talk between the immune and nervous systems is critical not only for maintaining normal homeostasis but also for the progression of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Macrophage activation and β2-adrenergic receptors are known to play important roles in facilitating this communication between these 2 systems. Using an integrated in vitro and in vivo study, Noh et al. reveal that β2-adrenergic receptor agonists exhibit protective effects against the vascular complications of diabetes. The protective effects of β2-adrenergic receptor agonists seem to be dependent on a β-arrestin2/inhibitor of kappa B/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
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