Purpose of review: The aim of this review is to evaluate the trends in multidisciplinary management of localized penile cancer and systemic therapy for advanced disease in the evolving era of targeted and immune checkpoint therapy.
Recent findings: Organ preservation (surgical or incorporating radiation) and reconstructive techniques are important considerations for quality of life in penile cancer survivors. Although local recurrence may be higher with organ preservation, salvage therapy appears successful. Inguinal and pelvic node management requires multidisciplinary care, including chemotherapy; optimal use of radiation has not been fully defined. Advanced in understanding the biology of penile cancer, particularly with regard to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HPV status, have led to clinical trials of targeted and immune therapy for patients with refractory disease. Refinements in the management of penile cancer are occurring, though level 1 evidence remains scarce. Referral to specialized centers will facilitate successful completion of clinical trials to advance standard care in this disease.
Keywords: Brachytherapy; EGFR; HPV; Inguinal node dissection; Organ preservation; Pelvic node dissection; Penectomy; Penile cancer.