Incidence of herpes zoster amongst adults varies by severity of immunosuppression

J Infect. 2017 Sep;75(3):207-215. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.06.010. Epub 2017 Jul 1.

Abstract

Objectives: We examined the incidence of herpes zoster in immunocompromised adults (≥18 years) with different severities of immunosuppression and assessed the prevalence of complications and of various kinds of healthcare resource utilisation.

Methods: German claims data from more than ten million adults were used to calculate annual incidence rates of herpes zoster for the years 2006-2012 and to analyse the prevalence of complications, physician visits, hospitalisations, and antiviral and analgesic treatments using a cohort design. The analyses were stratified by age, sex, and severity of immunosuppression, defined by immunocompromising conditions and drug therapies.

Results: The incidence rate per 1000 person-years of herpes zoster was almost twice as high in immunocompromised patients (11.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.4-11.6)) compared to immunocompetent subjects (5.9 (95% CI: 5.8-5.9)). The incidence rate was higher in highly immunocompromised patients (13.4 (95% CI: 13.2-13.6)) than in patients with a low severity of immunosuppression (10.0 (95% CI: 9.8-10.1)). These differences were observed for both sexes and in all age groups. Complications, outpatient physician visits, hospitalisations, and analgesic treatments occurred more frequently in immunocompromised patients as well.

Conclusions: Our results show that immunocompromised individuals are affected by the disease in particular and that the burden of herpes zoster is highest in severely immunocompromised patients.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Herpes zoster; Immunosuppression; Incidence.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Herpes Zoster / complications
  • Herpes Zoster / epidemiology*
  • Herpes Zoster / immunology*
  • Herpes Zoster / virology
  • Herpesvirus 3, Human / immunology
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Immune Tolerance
  • Immunocompetence
  • Immunocompromised Host*
  • Immunosuppression Therapy / adverse effects*
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Immunosuppressive Agents