Asthma Exacerbations: Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment

Abstract

Guideline-based management of asthma focuses on disease severity and choosing the appropriate medical therapy to control symptoms and reduce the risk of exacerbations. However, irrespective of asthma severity and often despite optimal medical therapy, patients may experience acute exacerbations of symptoms and a loss of disease control. Asthma exacerbations are most commonly triggered by viral respiratory infections, particularly with human rhinovirus. Given the importance of these events to asthma morbidity and health care costs, we will review common inciting factors for asthma exacerbations and approaches to prevent and treat these events.

Keywords: Allergy; Anti-IL5; Anti-IgE; Anticholinergics; Asthma; Asthma exacerbation; Inhaled corticosteroids; Leukotriene antagonist; Long-acting β2-agonists; Prevention; Systemic corticosteroids; Treatment; Viral infection.