Solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry followed by multivariate data analysis for the identification of volatile organic compounds as possible biomarkers in lung cancer tissues

Abstract

Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry followed by multivariate data analysis were used to analyze lung tissues from both healthy and carcinogenic patients. A total of 78 volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes were identified, seven of which were able to discriminate between the two groups. Discriminant analysis allowed to correctly classify 98.3% of the cases. By using the leave-one-method, 100% of the cross-validated samples belonging to the "tumor" group was correctly classified, whereas 2 cross-validated healthy samples out of 48 were erroneously allocated in the "tumor" group. Achieved results suggest the need of further investigation to assess the role of the seven identified compounds as lung cancer biomarkers in breath analysis, thus allowing the development of low-cost diagnostic devices.

Keywords: Cancer biomarkers; Discriminant analysis; Lung tissue; SPME–GC–MS; Volatile organic compounds.