Study of the association between hemorrhage and the position of hemorrhagic stigmata in patients with esophageal varices

Shao-Hua Shen; Ying-Di Liu; Xiao Sun; Meng Li; Guo-Hui Sun; Juan Wang; Jiang-Tao Liu; Jun Tie; Jing Yang

doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4727

Study of the association between hemorrhage and the position of hemorrhagic stigmata in patients with esophageal varices

Exp Ther Med. 2017 Sep;14(3):2261-2264. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4727. Epub 2017 Jul 9.

Authors

Shao-Hua Shen¹, Ying-Di Liu¹, Xiao Sun¹, Meng Li¹, Guo-Hui Sun¹, Juan Wang¹, Jiang-Tao Liu², Jun Tie³, Jing Yang²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.
² Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China.
³ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the predilection position of hemorrhagic stigmata (HS) in patients with esophageal variceal hemorrhage and provide guidance on endoscopic therapy for esophageal varices. The clinical characteristics, particularly the endoscopic manifestations of HS, in the patients who presented with gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage and cirrhosis between January 2003 and December 2013 at our hospital were summarized and patients were grouped according to the distance of the lesion site to incisors at 35-40 and ~30 cm. The association between the location of HS and active hemorrhage was assessed. The location of hemorrhage and HS at 35-40 cm from the incisors was more common in esophageal varices patients, followed by the location at ~30 cm from the incisors (P<0.0001). The incidence of HS in esophageal varices patients in the 35-40 cm group was significantly higher than that in the ~30 cm group except for HS at 9:00 position (P<0.0001). The highest incidence of HS in the ~30 cm group was at the 3:00 position, followed by the 12:00, 6:00 and 9:00 position. Among them, there were significant differences between the 3:00 and 6:00 position, the 3:00 and 9:00 position, and the 9:00 and 12:00 position (P<0.05). The order in the 35-40 cm group was similar to that in the ~30 cm group and the incidence of HS at the 9:00 position was lowest (P<0.05). A certain association between the point of location of HS and hemorrhage was identified. HS located at 35-40 cm from the lesion site to incisors was identified to be most likely to bleed, followed by that located at ~30 cm. In addition, the incidence of HS at 9:00 position was found to be lower than that in the other positions. Therefore, HS located at ~30 cm and 35-40 cm from the lesion site to incisors should be paid attention to and the 3:00, 12:00 and 6:00 rather than the 9:00 position should be prioritized during endoscopic treatment, particularly in emergency situations.

Keywords: endoscopy; esophageal varices; hemorrhage; hemorrhagic stigmata.