Focal atrichia: A diagnostic clue in female pattern hair loss

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Jun;80(6):1538-1543.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.064. Epub 2017 Oct 7.

Abstract

Background: Focal atrichia is a common clinical finding in female pattern hair loss, the specificity and histologic findings of which need further clarification.

Objective: To determine the frequency of focal atrichia in various types of hair loss and its histologic characteristics in female pattern hair loss.

Methods: Part 1 of the study was a review of 250 consecutive female patients seen with hair loss for the presence of focal atrichia, and part 2 examined paired biopsy specimens from haired areas versus those from areas with focal atrichia in 18 subjects with female pattern hair loss.

Results: Focal atrichia was seen in 46 of 104 of women with female pattern hair loss (44%), including 67% of those with the late-onset subtype versus 15% of those with the early-onset subtype, compared with in 3 of 146 of those with other hair disorders (2%). Biopsy findings of focal atrichia in female pattern hair loss showed primarily a more progressive miniaturization process than that of haired areas of the scalp.

Limitations: Some women with female pattern hair loss may have had concomitant chronic telogen effluvium.

Conclusions: When present, focal atrichia is a clinical clue to the diagnosis of female pattern hair loss, particularly the late-onset subtype.

Keywords: anagen; biopsy; female pattern hair loss; focal atrichia; telogen; terminal; vellus.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Alopecia / diagnosis
  • Alopecia / pathology*
  • Biopsy
  • Female
  • Hair Follicle / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Young Adult