Racial and Geographic Disparities in Interhospital ICU Transfers

Crit Care Med. 2018 Jan;46(1):e76-e80. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002776.

Abstract

Objectives: Interhospital transfer, a common intervention, may be subject to healthcare disparities. In mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis, we hypothesize that disparities not disease related would be found between patients who were and were not transferred.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2006-2012.

Patients: Patients over 18 years old with a primary diagnosis of sepsis who underwent mechanical ventilation.

Interventions: None.

Measurements and main results: We obtained age, gender, length of stay, race, insurance coverage, do not resuscitate status, and Elixhauser comorbidities. The outcome used was interhospital transfer from a small- or medium-sized hospital to a larger acute care hospital. Of 55,208,382 hospitalizations, 46,406 patients met inclusion criteria. In the multivariate model, patients were less likely to be transferred if the following were present: older age (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.978-0.982), black race (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70-0.89), Hispanic race (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69-0.90), South region hospital (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72-0.88), teaching hospital (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.28-0.33), and do not resuscitate status (odds ratio, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.15-0.25).

Conclusions: In mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis, we found significant disparities in race and geographic location not explained by medical diagnoses or illness severity.

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Black People
  • Black or African American
  • Cohort Studies
  • Ethics, Medical
  • Female
  • Healthcare Disparities / ethnology*
  • Hispanic or Latino
  • Humans
  • Intensive Care Units / ethics*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Odds Ratio
  • Patient Transfer / ethics*
  • Racism*
  • Respiration, Artificial / ethics*
  • Resuscitation Orders
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sepsis / ethnology*
  • Sepsis / therapy*
  • United States