Immunoadsorption for autoimmune encephalitis

Atheroscler Suppl. 2017 Nov:30:257-263. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.05.041. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

Abstract

Autoimmune encephalitis is a severe inflammatory disorder of the brain. The discovery that several non-infectious forms of encephalitis are associated with autoantibodies was a breakthrough in the care of this previously untreatable group of patients. The correlation of antibody type and titer with pattern and severity of symptoms was essential for the initiation of immunotherapies. First line therapy consists of steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, plasma exchange or immunoadsorption. Rapid elimination of autoantibodies using selective immunoadsorption and avoiding the disadvantage of plasma substitution is a pathophysiologically guided therapeutic approach, and has been proven to be an effective therapeutic option as part of multimodal immunotherapy.

Keywords: Autoimmune encephalitis; NMDAR autoantibody; Plasma exchange; Tryptophan immunoadsorption.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Autoantibodies / blood*
  • Autoimmunity*
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Encephalitis / blood
  • Encephalitis / diagnosis
  • Encephalitis / drug therapy*
  • Encephalitis / immunology
  • Hashimoto Disease / blood
  • Hashimoto Disease / diagnosis
  • Hashimoto Disease / drug therapy*
  • Hashimoto Disease / immunology
  • Humans
  • Immunosorbent Techniques* / adverse effects
  • Plasma Exchange / adverse effects
  • Plasma Exchange / methods*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Autoantibodies
  • Biomarkers

Supplementary concepts

  • Hashimoto's encephalitis