Association of high-level humidifier disinfectant exposure with lung injury in preschool children

Abstract

Background: Children aged ≤6years reportedly account for 52% of victims of humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injuries.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of humidifier disinfectants with lung injury risk among children aged ≤6years.

Methods: Patients with humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injuries (n=214) who were clinically evaluated to have a definite (n=108), probable (n=49), or possible (n=57) association with humidifier disinfectants as well as control patients (n=123) with lung injury deemed unlikely to be associated with humidifier disinfectant use were evaluated to determine factors associated with increased risk of humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury using unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results: For estimated airborne humidifier disinfectant concentrations, risk of humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury increased ≥two-fold in a dose-dependent manner in the highest quartile (Q4, 135-1443μg/m³) compared with that in the lowest quartile (Q1, ≤33μg/m³). Registered patients using more than two humidifier disinfectant brands were at an increased risk of humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (adjusted OR, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.8) compared with those using only one brand. With respect to the duration of humidifier disinfectant use, risk of humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury increased ≥two-fold in the lowest quartile (≤5months) compared with that in the highest quartile (≥14months; adjusted OR 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.6).

Conclusions: Younger children are more vulnerable to HDLI when exposed to HD chemicals within short period in early life.

Keywords: CMIT; Exposure to household products; Humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury; Humidifier disinfectants; MIT; PGH; PHMG.