Hemodynamic correlates of nutritional indexes in heart failure

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition in heart failure (HF) is related to altered intestinal function, which could be due to hemodynamic changes. We investigated the usefulness of novel nutritional indexes in relation to hemodynamic parameters.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 139 HF patients with reduced ejection fraction who underwent right heart catheterization. We investigated correlations between right side pressures and nutritional indexes, which include controlling nutritional (CONUT) score and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to investigate the prognostic accuracy of CONUT score and GNRI for a composite of death or HF hospitalization in 12 months. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether hemodynamic correlates were associated with malnutrition, which was defined based on CONUT sore or GNRI.

Results: Higher right side pressures were positively correlated with worse nutritional status according to CONUT score, but were negatively correlated with worse nutritional status according to GNRI. Area under ROC curve for the composite endpoint was 0.746 in CONUT score and 0.576 in GNRI. The composite endpoint occurred in 40% of CONUT score≥3 and in 11% of CONUT score<3 (p<0.001). These relationships were also investigated with GNRI (40% of GNRI<95 vs. 17% of GNRI≥95, p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, higher right atrial pressure was significantly associated with higher CONUT score, while no hemodynamic parameter was related to GNRI.

Conclusions: CONUT score was associated with right side congestion, while no association between GNRI and right side congestion was noted. CONUT score had better predictive value than GNRI.

Keywords: Heart failure; Hemodynamic correlates; Malnutrition; Nutrition index.