Objective: To evaluate the changes of asthma control, disease management and perception in recent years in China. Methods: We conducted 2 multi-center, cross-sectional surveys. Outpatient asthmatic patients from 10 cities in mainland China (2007-2008) and 30 central cities from 30 provinces in China (except Tibet)(2015-2016) were recruited respectively. Data of asthma control, disease management and perception from the 2 surveys were compared for 10 cities which took part in both of the 2 surveys. Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results: The asthma control level improved from 28.7%(839/2 928) in 2007-2008 to 39.2%(533/1 361) in 2015-2016(P<0.01). The rate of emergency visits was 18.2%(248/1 362) in 2015-2016, which was lower than that in 2007-2008(33.9%, 1 032/3 044)(P<0.01). The rate of peak flow meter (PFM) usage was 17.9%(244/1 360) in 2015-2016, which was slightly lower than the PFM usage rate in 2007-2008(21.8%, 660/3 030)(P=0.004). 56.0%(763/1 362) of the patients used inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) + formoterol to control asthma when asthma symptoms deteriorated in 2015-2016, which was higher than the result of 2007-2008(31.8%, 803/2 524)(P<0.01). 71.1%(968/1 361) of the patients in 2015-2016 had a right perception on disease nature, while the result in 2007-2008 was 63.3%(1 889/2 986)(P<0.01). 61.6%(839/1 362) of the patients in 2015-2016 had a right perception on medication choice on daily-use first-line medication for chronic asthma, while the result in 2007-2008 was 51.0%(1 500/2 942)(P<0.01). Conclusion: The current level of asthma control and disease perception in China improved significantly in recent years, while the rate of PFM usage showed no significant improvement. Asthma action plan including PFM monitoring and asthma self-management should be further promoted nationwide.
目的： 评估我国近年来支气管哮喘(哮喘)控制、疾病管理及患者认知水平的变化。 方法： 采用多中心横断面研究，对参加过2007—2008年和2015—2016年两次调查的全国10个城市的门诊哮喘患者的控制水平、疾病管理和认知水平进行比较分析。采用卡方检验进行组间率的比较。 结果： 2015—2016年全国10个城市门诊哮喘患者的控制率为39.2%(533/1 361)，高于2007—2008年的28.7%(839/2 928)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2015—2016年调查哮喘发作急诊就诊率为18.2%(248/1 362)，低于2007—2008年调查的33.9%(1 032/3 044)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2015—2016年调查哮喘患者峰流速仪使用率为17.9%(244/1 360)，稍低于2007—2008年调查的21.8%(660/3 030)，差异有统计学意义(P＝0.004)。2015—2016年调查中哮喘症状加重或妨碍日常生活时选择使用含福莫特罗的复合糖皮质激素吸入剂者占56.0%(763/1 362)，明显高于2007—2008年调查的31.8%(803/2 524)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2015—2016年调查中71.1%(968/1 361)的患者对哮喘疾病本质具有正确的认知，61.6%(839/ 1 362)的患者对慢性持续期哮喘每日规律应用的一线治疗药物选择方面有正确的认知，明显高于2007—2008年的调查结果[分别为63.3%(1 889/2 986)和51.0%(1 500/2 942)]，差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。 结论： 我国近年来哮喘控制水平、疾病认知状况有明显提高，而峰流速仪使用率未见改善。应在全国范围内进一步推广包括峰流速仪应用的哮喘行动计划，加强患者自我管理。.
Keywords: Asthma; Asthma control; Cognition; Disease management.