Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and etiologies of central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Methods: The clinical data of 230 patients with CDI in the Department of Endocrinology of Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2008 June to 2014 December were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: The three most common causes of CDI were idiopathic CDI, lymphocytic hypophysitis and intracranial germ cell tumors. Among all the CDI, the idiopathic CDI accounted for 37.48%. There were significant differences in age onset and gender distribution among the different causes of CDI. The patients with intracranial germ cell tumors [age of onset(19.2±10.2) years] were younger than the other types of CDI. Germ cell tumors patients were more common in male, and lymphocytic hypophysitis patients were more common in female. The most frequent abnormality of anterior pituitary in patients with CDI was growth hormone deficiency, followed by hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism. The dysfunction of thyroid axis and adrenal axis in patients with germ cell tumor was more common than those in patients with idiopathic and lymphocytic hypophysitis. Conclusions: The most common causes of central diabetes insipidus were idiopathic CDI, lymphocytic hypophysitis and intracranial germ cell tumors. There were differences in age of onset, gender distribution and abnormal production of anterior pituitary hormones among all causes of CDI patients.
目的： 分析中枢性尿崩症的病因构成及临床特点。 方法： 收集2008年6月至2014年12月解放军总医院内分泌科收治的230例中枢性尿崩症患者临床资料，回顾性分析其病因、临床特点、不同病因垂体前叶功能受影响的情况。 结果： 导致中枢性尿崩症前3位的疾病是特发性中枢性尿崩症、淋巴细胞性垂体炎和生殖细胞瘤，其中特发性中枢性尿崩症占全部中枢性尿崩症的34.78%；从发病年龄看，生殖细胞瘤发病年龄较轻[(19.2±10.2)岁]；在性别构成比方面，生殖细胞瘤男性多于女性，淋巴细胞性垂体炎女性多于男性；垂体前叶功能异常发生率由高至低依次为生长激素轴、性激素轴、肾上腺轴以及甲状腺轴；生殖细胞瘤患者在甲状腺轴、肾上腺轴功能异常发生率均明显高于特发性中枢性尿崩症及淋巴细胞性垂体炎患者。 结论： 最常见导致中枢性尿崩症的病因为特发性、淋巴细胞性垂体炎和生殖细胞瘤，发病年龄、性别、垂体前叶受累及的程度在不同病因间具有差异。.
Keywords: Diabetes insipidus, central; Etiology; Pituitary gland, anterior.