Treatment for Symptomatic SLAP Tears in Middle-Aged Patients Comparing Repair, Biceps Tenodesis, and Nonoperative Approaches: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Arthroscopy. 2018 Jul;34(7):2019-2029. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.01.029. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nonoperative management, primary SLAP repair, and primary biceps tenodesis for the treatment of symptomatic isolated type II SLAP tear.

Methods: A microsimulation Markov model was constructed to compare 3 strategies for middle-aged patients with symptomatic type II SLAP tears: SLAP repair, biceps tenodesis, or nonoperative management. A failed 6-month trial of nonoperative treatment was assumed. The principal outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in 2017 U.S. dollars using a societal perspective over a 10-year time horizon. Treatment effectiveness was expressed in quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). Model results were compared with estimates from the published literature and were subjected to sensitivity analyses to evaluate robustness.

Results: Primary biceps tenodesis compared with SLAP repair conferred an increased effectiveness of 0.06 QALY with cost savings of $1,766. Compared with nonoperative treatment, both biceps tenodesis and SLAP repair were cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio values of $3,344/QALY gained and $4,289/QALY gained, respectively). Sensitivity analysis showed that biceps tenodesis was the preferred strategy in most simulations (52%); however, for SLAP repair to become cost-effective over biceps tenodesis, its probability of failure would have to be lower than 2.7% or the cost of biceps tenodesis would have to be higher than $14,644.

Conclusions: When compared with primary SLAP repair and nonoperative treatment, primary biceps tenodesis is the most cost-effective treatment strategy for type II SLAP tears in middle-aged patients. Primary biceps tenodesis offers increased effectiveness when compared with both primary SLAP repair and nonoperative treatment and lower costs than primary SLAP repair.

Level of evidence: Level III, economic decision analysis.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Arm / surgery
  • Arthroscopy / methods
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis
  • Health Care Costs / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Markov Chains
  • Middle Aged
  • Muscle, Skeletal / surgery
  • Quality-Adjusted Life Years
  • Shoulder Injuries / economics
  • Shoulder Injuries / surgery
  • Shoulder Injuries / therapy*
  • Shoulder Joint / surgery
  • Tenodesis / economics
  • Tenodesis / methods*
  • Treatment Outcome