The diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis in Dutch haematology units facing a rapidly increasing prevalence of azole-resistance. A nationwide survey and rationale for the DB-MSG 002 study protocol

Mycoses. 2018 Sep;61(9):656-664. doi: 10.1111/myc.12788. Epub 2018 Jul 13.

Abstract

Patients with haematological malignancies are at risk for invasive fungal diseases (IFD). A survey was conducted in all Dutch academic haematology centres on their current diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic approach towards IFD in the context of azole-resistance. In all 8 centres, a haematologist and microbiologist filled in the questionnaire that focused on different subgroups of haematology patients. Fungal prophylaxis during neutropaenia was directed against Candida and consisted of fluconazole and/or amphotericin B suspension. Mould-active prophylaxis was given to acute myeloid leukaemia patients during chemotherapy in 2 of 8 centres. All centres used azole prophylaxis in a subset of patients with graft-versus-host disease. A uniform approach towards the diagnosis and treatment of IFD and in particular azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus was lacking. In 2017, all centres agreed to implement a uniform diagnostic and treatment algorithm regarding invasive aspergillosis with a central role for comprehensive diagnostics and PCR-based detection of azole-resistance. This study (DB-MSG 002) will re-evaluate this algorithm when 280 patients have been treated. A heterogeneous approach towards antifungal prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment was apparent in the Netherlands. Facing triazole-resistance, consensus was reached on the implementation of a uniform diagnostic approach in all 8 centres.

Keywords: IFD; azole-resistance; invasive aspergillosis; management.

MeSH terms

  • Academic Medical Centers
  • Antifungal Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Antifungal Agents / pharmacology
  • Aspergillus fumigatus / drug effects
  • Azoles / administration & dosage*
  • Azoles / pharmacology
  • Chemoprevention / methods
  • Disease Management*
  • Drug Resistance, Fungal*
  • Hematologic Neoplasms / complications*
  • Humans
  • Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / diagnosis*
  • Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / drug therapy*
  • Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis / prevention & control
  • Netherlands
  • Prevalence
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents
  • Azoles