Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of orbital and anterior visual pathway lesions

Abstract

Purpose: The accurate diagnosis of orbital and anterior visual pathway lesions has clinical significance. We determined whether dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI could differentiate benign from malignant lesions and compared model-independent and model-dependent methods of data analysis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies of 37 enhancing orbital and anterior visual pathway lesions. The data were processed using model-independent analysis and model-dependent analysis using a 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The time-signal intensity curve and semiquantitative parameters from the model-independent method (area under the curve [AUC] after the initial 60, 90, and 120 s; time to peak; maximum signal enhancement ratio; maximum slope of increase; and washout ratio) and the quantitative parameters from the model-dependent method (K^trans, k_ep, and v_e) were derived for comparison with pathologic diagnoses.

Results: The time-signal intensity curves demonstrated different perfusion characteristics and were classified into 4 types. All the lesions that demonstrated curve types 1 and 4 were benign, while type 3 lesions were significantly associated with malignancy (P = 0.001). AUC₆₀, AUC₉₀, AUC₁₂₀, and k_ep were significantly lower in benign lesions than in malignant lesions (P = 0.020, 0.018, 0.015, and 0.018, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that AUC₁₂₀ yielded the best diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64-0.96) in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions.

Conclusions: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is useful in evaluating orbital and anterior visual pathway lesions. The model-independent analysis method is equivalent to the model-dependent method in differentiating benign from malignant lesions.

Keywords: Anterior visual pathway; Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI; Orbit; Perfusion MRI.