Tilapia-waste flour as a natural nutritional replacer for bread: A consumer perspective

PLoS One. 2018 May 3;13(5):e0196665. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196665. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Six bread formulations with different levels of tilapia-waste flour (BTF0%, BTF2.5%, BTF5%, BTF10%, BTF15%, and BTF20%) were analyzed for nutritional composition and sensory characterization. Tilapia-waste flour (TF) increased (P < 0.05) the lipid, protein and ash contents, and decreased (P < 0.05) the levels of carbohydrates and total dietary fiber. BTF0%, BTF2.5% and BTF5% received the highest (P < 0.05) scores for acceptance and preference. Despite this apparent consumer preference for low or no levels, TF can be added to bread at levels below 12.17% (P < 0.05) without triggering consumer rejection. TF changed (P < 0.05) the sensory characterization of bread because of a disagreeable flavor, aroma, and texture; however, airy appearance, sticky in the teeth and cream color did not influence the overall liking. TF at 5% enhanced the nutritional value while maintaining acceptable sensory scores for bread, constituting a potential strategy to satisfy consumer and industry requirements.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Animals
  • Brazil
  • Bread* / analysis
  • Consumer Behavior*
  • Educational Status
  • Feeding Behavior
  • Female
  • Fish Flour*
  • Flour
  • Food, Fortified* / analysis
  • Humans
  • Income
  • Industrial Waste
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nutritive Value
  • Tilapia*
  • Triticum
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Industrial Waste

Grants and funding

The authors are thankful for the fellowship support provided by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), grant numbers E-26/101.403/2014; E-26/202.305/2017, and E-26/202.306/2017 as well as the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) grant numbers 442102/2014-3, 441987/2014-1, and 150696/2017-5; the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), grant number E-26/101.403/2014 (CAPES/FAPERJ E-45 - PAPDRJ/2013).