With the development of urbanization, the effect of urban heat island has become increasingly evident. As an essential component of the urban natural landscapes, urban green space plays an important role in mitigating the effect of urban heat island. However, facing the rapid urbanization and changing environment, how to rationally plan and design the green space and realize its best cooling effect which can improve the urban environment and microclimate is still an urgent problem to be solved. So there is a strong need for mulitiscale researches on the cooling effect of urban green space. This paper systematically gave a review on the cooling effect of urban green space based on field measurement of air temperature, the main factors that influenced the cooling effect of green space were explored from three aspects including the area and shape characteristics of urban green space, the structure characteristics of vegetation and the external factors which affected the cooling effect, and the characteristics of the cooling effect of the green space were summarized from the aspect of time variation and distance decay. Then, the main problems and future research prospects of urban green space cooling effect were put forward.
随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市热岛效应日益明显.城市绿地作为城市结构中的自然生产力主体,在缓解城市热岛效应方面发挥着极其重要的作用.然而,面对快速城市化进程和不断变化的环境,如何实现城市绿地的合理配置与前瞻性布局,从而实现其整体降温效应的最大化,进而改善城市环境与微气候,依然是一个亟待解决的难题.这迫切需要多尺度的城市绿地降温效应研究.本文对基于气温实地观测来探讨城市绿地降温效应的相关研究进行了系统梳理与总结,从城市绿地的面积与形状特征、植被结构特征、影响降温效应的外部因素3个方面深入探讨了影响绿地降温效应的主要因素,并从城市绿地降温的时间变化特征和距离衰减效应两方面总结了绿地降温效应的时空特征.在此基础上,指出了目前城市绿地降温效应研究存在的主要问题和未来研究展望.
Keywords: cooling effect; field measurement; urban green space; urban heat island.