Intracranial complications of acute sinusitis in children: The role of endoscopic sinus surgery

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Jul:110:147-151. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.05.015. Epub 2018 May 11.

Abstract

Objective: To study the role of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in the management of intracranial complications of children with acute rhinosinusitis METHODS: Retrospective chart review at a tertiary care pediatric hospital MAIN OUTCOMES: Demographics, intracranial complications, length of hospital stay (LOS), neurological sequelae, ESS, neurosurgical procedures RESULTS: Twenty-four children with a mean age (SD) of 12.9 years (+/-3.2) with an intracranial complication(s) of acute rhinosinusitis were identified between 2005-2016. A total of 22 were included and 15 (68%) of these were males. The most common complications were: subdural abscess (n=10), epidural abscess (n=10), meningitis (n=5), intraparenchymal abscess (n=5), and cavernous sinus thrombosis (n= 2). Neurologic symptoms included headache (n=12), hemiparesis (n=5) and aphasia (n=3). Average length of stay was 16 (+/- 9.2) days. Average follow up was 7 (+/-5.6) months. One patient had residual seizures and 1 had recurrent rhinosinusitis. Aphasia and hemiparesis resolved in all patients within 1 year. Nineteen (86%) patients had ESS within 4 days of admission. Fourteen patients (63%) had a neurosurgical procedure, 6 (27%) required more than 1 neurosurgical procedure. Six patients (27%) had concurrent neurosurgical drainage and ESS. Four patients (17%) had neurosurgical procedure followed by ESS and 3 patients (13%) were treated only by a neurosurgical procedure. Patients who underwent ESS prior to a neurosurgical procedure had significantly less risk of needing a neurosurgical intervention (OR = .02, p < .01). There was a significantly higher proportion of neurosurgical patients with positive Strep anginosus cultures compared to the ESS only group (85.7% vs 37.5%, p = .02). Studies with larger patient populations are needed to determine the role of ESS in the management of intracranial complications of children with acute rhinosinusitis.

Discussion: Early ESS may be associated with less need for neurosurgical procedures.

Keywords: Acute rhinosinusitis; ESS; Intracranial abscess; Intracranial complications; Neurosurgery; Sinus surgery.

MeSH terms

  • Abscess / etiology
  • Abscess / surgery
  • Acute Disease
  • Adolescent
  • Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis / etiology
  • Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis / surgery
  • Child
  • Endoscopy
  • Female
  • Headache / etiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Neurosurgical Procedures* / methods
  • Paresis / etiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Rhinitis / complications*
  • Rhinitis / surgery
  • Sinusitis / complications*
  • Sinusitis / surgery
  • Streptococcal Infections / complications