Hydrological disasters are associated with infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics. Hydrological disasters will lead to water pollution, increased vulnerability to diseases, and increased density of vectors. These factors will facilitate the outbreaks of water-borne/food-borne diseases, vector-borne diseases, and air-borne/contagious diseases. Pre-event preparedness for disasters and post-event reconstruction of both disease surveillance system and water-supply system are key measures to prevent infectious disease outbreaks caused by hydrological disasters. This study reviews the domestic and overseas experiences of controlling infectious diseases after hydrologic disasters, outlines the spectrum of post-disaster infectious disease as well as their epidemiological characteristics, and provides practicable suggestions accordingly.
水系灾难与传染病的暴发和流行密切相关。水系灾难会导致水体污染、人群易感性增加和病原微生物及病媒生物的密度增加，从而促进了水源性/食源性疾病、病媒传播疾病和空气/接触传播疾病等传染病的暴发和流行。为防控水系灾难所致传染病，灾前应有针对性地制定传染病控制预案并准备相应的物资，灾后应迅速重建疾病监测系统和安全饮用水系统，并实施综合性的传染病防控方案。本文回顾了水系灾难所致传染病暴发的案例，归纳了灾后高发传染病的种类与流行特点，并总结出灾前准备工作要点和灾后传染病防控流程化指南。.
Keywords: Communicable diseases; Disaster medicine; Pandemics; Preventive medicine.