Objective: To study the mortality and death-related risk factors of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in Chinese urban areas. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in 29 hospitals of 29 provinces throughout mainland China. Patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation during 2013-2014 in each hospital were included. For each patient, information about demography, admission time, comorbidities, severity of diseases, intense care unit (ICU) admission, use of mechanical ventilation and the outcome was obtained. The mortality of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation was calculated, and the basic information and causes of death of the patients who died were summarized. The death-related risk factors and numbers of comorbidities were compared between the patients who survived and those who died during hospitalization. Results: A total of 3 240 patients (median age 57.0) were included and among them 8 patients (median age 68.5) died. The mortality of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation was 0.25%. All the patients who died were admitted during the winter and spring. One patient died of acute myocardial infarction, one of cardiac shock, one of tension pneumothorax, one of sudden death, one of respiratory failure and three of unknown causes. The average number of comorbidities of patients who died was 1.10, larger than that of patients who survived (0.83) (P>0.05). More patients had diabetes, coronary artery diseases and hypertension as comorbidities in the patients who died (2/8) than those who survived[7.6% (246/3 232), 7.6% (246/3 232), 22.6% (731/3 232), respectively](all P>0.05). Conclusions: The in-hospital mortality of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation of China in this study is low. The patients who died are much older, and with more comorbidities, and a higher percentage of comorbidities such as diabetes, coronary artery diseases, and hypertension.
目的： 调查分析我国城区因哮喘急性发作住院患者的死亡及危险因素情况。 方法： 回顾性调查并分析我国29个省/自治区/直辖市的29家医院2013—2014年间因哮喘急性发作入院的患者。搜集患者的一般资料、入院时间、合并症情况、急性发作的严重程度、死亡危险因素、是否入住重症监护病房(ICU)、是否应用机械通气以及转归情况等信息。计算哮喘急性发作住院患者的病死率，统计死亡患者的基本信息及死因，并据此分组比较死亡组与存活组的并发症及死亡危险因素分布情况。 结果： 共纳入患者3 240例，中位年龄57.0岁，共有8例患者死亡，中位年龄68.5岁，哮喘急性发作住院患者的病死率为0.25%。死亡组入院时间均为冬春季。死亡原因：急性心肌梗死1例，心源性休克1例，张力性气胸1例，猝死1例，呼吸衰竭1例，死因不详3例。死亡组平均合并症数高于存活组(1.10比0.83项)，合并糖尿病、冠心病及高血压的比例(均为2/8)也均高于存活组的7.6%(246/3 232)、7.6%(246/3 232)及22.6%(731/3 232)，但差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。 结论： 我国哮喘急性发作患者的住院病死率较低。死亡患者年龄较大，冬春季入院比例高，合并症数较多，合并糖尿病、冠心病及高血压者比例高。.
Keywords: Asthma; Exacerbation; Mortality; Risk factors.