SAMHD1 Suppression of Antiviral Immune Responses

Trends Microbiol. 2019 Mar;27(3):254-267. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.09.009. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Abstract

SAMHD1 is a host triphosphohydrolase that degrades intracellular deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) to a lower level that restricts viral DNA synthesis, and thus prevents replication of diverse viruses in nondividing cells. Recent progress indicates that SAMHD1 negatively regulates antiviral innate immune responses and inflammation through interacting with various key proteins in immune signaling and DNA damage-repair pathways. SAMHD1 can also modulate antibody production in adaptive immune responses. In this review, we summarize how SAMHD1 regulates antiviral immune responses through distinct mechanisms, and discuss the implications of these new functions of SAMHD1. Furthermore, we propose important new questions and future directions that can advance functional and mechanistic studies of SAMHD1-mediated immune regulation during viral infections.

Keywords: SAMHD1; antiviral immunity; infection; replication; viruses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Gene Expression Regulation / immunology*
  • HIV Infections / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate*
  • Mice
  • SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1 / genetics*
  • SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1 / immunology*
  • Signal Transduction / immunology
  • Virus Replication / immunology

Substances

  • SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1