Addressing the diagnostic gaps in pyruvate kinase deficiency: Consensus recommendations on the diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency

Am J Hematol. 2019 Jan;94(1):149-161. doi: 10.1002/ajh.25325. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Abstract

Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is the most common enzyme defect of glycolysis and an important cause of hereditary, nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. The disease has a worldwide geographical distribution but there are no verified data regarding its frequency. Difficulties in the diagnostic workflow and interpretation of PK enzyme assay likely play a role. By the creation of a global PKD International Working Group in 2016, involving 24 experts from 20 Centers of Expertise we studied the current gaps in the diagnosis of PKD in order to establish diagnostic guidelines. By means of a detailed survey and subsequent discussions, multiple aspects of the diagnosis of PKD were evaluated and discussed by members of Expert Centers from Europe, USA, and Asia directly involved in diagnosis. Broad consensus was reached among the Centers on many clinical and technical aspects of the diagnosis of PKD. The results of this study are here presented as recommendations for the diagnosis of PKD and used to prepare a diagnostic algorithm. This information might be helpful for other Centers to deliver timely and appropriate diagnosis and to increase awareness in PKD.

Publication types

  • Consensus Development Conference
  • Practice Guideline

MeSH terms

  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic / blood
  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic / diagnosis*
  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic / genetics
  • Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic / physiopathology
  • Artifacts
  • Blood Cell Count
  • Blood Preservation
  • DNA Mutational Analysis
  • Erythrocytes / enzymology
  • False Negative Reactions
  • False Positive Reactions
  • Humans
  • Pyruvate Kinase / blood
  • Pyruvate Kinase / deficiency*
  • Pyruvate Kinase / genetics
  • Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / blood
  • Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / diagnosis*
  • Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / genetics
  • Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / physiopathology
  • Reference Values
  • Reticulocytes
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Spectrophotometry
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • PKLR protein, human
  • Pyruvate Kinase

Supplementary concepts

  • Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency of Red Cells