Objective: Combining artificial scaffolds with stimulatory factors to reconstruct lost bone tissues is one of the hottest research directions. The purpose of this review was to conduct a retrospective survey on the latest reports on artificial bone fabrication with functional cytokines.
Data sources: The status of related scientific research from the year 2005 to 2018 was analyzed through the mode of literature retrieval in PubMed and VIP Database. The retrieval words are as follows: "bone tissue engineering," "angiogenesis," "cytokines," "osteogenesis," "biomimetic bone marrow," "sol-gel," "delivery system," and the corresponding Chinese words.
Study selection: After reading through the title and abstract for early screening, the full text of relevant studies was evaluated and those not related with this review had been ruled out.
Results: According to the literature retrospective survey, there were three key points for the successful construction of functional artificial bones: (1) the continuous supply of relatively low concentration of cytokines during the required period; (2) the delivery of two or more cytokines essential to the process and ensure the relatively spatial independence to reduce the unnecessary interference; and (3) supporting the early-stage angiogenesis and late-stage osteogenesis, respectively, regulating and balancing the crosslinking of both to avoid the surface ossification that would probably block the osteogenesis inside.
Conclusions: The synergistic effect of both angiogenic factors and osteogenic factors applied in bone regeneration is a key point in the combined functional artificial bone. Through analysis, comparison, and summary of the current strategies, we proposed that the most promising one is to mimic the natural bone marrow function to facilitate the regeneration process and ensure the efficient repair of large weight-bearing bone defect.
细胞因子控释策略在功能化人工骨构建中的最新进展 摘要 目的：将人工骨支架与具有促进作用的细胞因子相结合，用于修复骨缺损是骨组织工程领域的一大研究热点。本综述通过文献调研，总结该策略目前的最新进展，分析功能因子在功能支架构建中的应用现状。 数据来源：本综述中文献调研时间范围为2005年到2018年，采用文献数据库PubMed和维普数据。采用搜索关键词为：骨组织工程、血管化、细胞因子、成骨化、人工骨髓、溶胶-凝胶、传输体系，包含英文与中文对应词汇。 研究选择：通过阅读题目和摘要进行初步筛选，排除不相关研究，保留相关度较高研究工作并进行全文阅读分析。 结果：根据文献追溯，我们总结出目前细胞因子策略在功能化人工骨成功构建中的三大关键点：1）在要求阶段内细胞因子较低浓度的持续释放；2）两种或以上细胞因子在传输过程中的相对空间独立性及干扰规避；3）支持骨修复过程中的早期血管化和后期骨化，协调平衡二者交互作用，防止表面骨化阻碍内部成骨。 结论： 实现促成骨和促成血管因子的协同作用是功能化人工骨促进骨修复的关键。通过对已有文献的总结、比较和分析，我们提出以模拟自然骨髓功能的方式构建因子释放体系，在骨修复领域最具应用前景。.
Keywords: Angiogenesis; Cytokines; Functional Artificial Bone; Osteogenesis; Spatiotemporal Delivery.