A qualitative study exploring the decision of parents to use medication in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

Background: Reported prevalence of ADHD in children varies greatly from country to country. There is a similar disparity between rates of medication prescriptions for ADHD, with significant variation existing between rates in USA and Europe. North American studies report that parents have concerns about starting and continuing ADHD medication in children, though little is known about experiences in other geographies and healthcare systems. These studies may inform supports required, and help understand if these concerns may result in different treatment patterns, in other geographies.

Objective: To explore experiences of parents of children who used ADHD medication in Ireland.

Methods: A qualitative methodology was employed. Data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten parents who had a child with ADHD and had commenced medication. Analysis was performed using a phenomenographic approach.

Results: Four descriptive categories relating to parents' experiences of decision-making emerged. Symptom severity prior to diagnosis, duration of ADHD symptoms and parental struggle to make an informed risk/benefit decision influenced decision-making. The child's immediate response to medication was identified as an important factor facilitating persistence and adherence. Over time, parents sought to regain some control over and gain confidence in medication management and decision-making.

Conclusions: The decision to use medication in ADHD is difficult and dynamic for parents in Ireland. It is driven by a sense of urgency and powerlessness, mobilizing feelings of doubt, anxiety and guilt before concluding with a sense of autonomy and increased confidence. Lack of awareness of ADHD and treatments, alongside access to care issues, add to parental anxiety in Ireland. This is in contrast to previous North American studies. Current provisions of support and information at the time of ADHD diagnosis are insufficient. Initial reaction to medication options should be explored by clinicians and support continued over time.

Keywords: ADHD; Attitudes; Medication; Parents; Qualitative; Side effects.