Mini EXPLORER II: a prototype high-sensitivity PET/CT scanner for companion animal whole body and human brain scanning

Phys Med Biol. 2019 Mar 21;64(7):075004. doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/aafc6c.

Abstract

As part of the EXPLORER total-body positron emission tomography (PET) project, we have designed and built a high-resolution, high-sensitivity PET/CT scanner, which is expected to have excellent performance for companion animal whole body and human brain imaging. The PET component has a ring diameter of 52 cm and an axial field of view of 48.3 cm. The detector modules are composed of arrays of lutetium (yttrium) oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals of dimensions 2.76 × 2.76 × 18.1 mm3 coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for read-out. The CT component is a 24 detector row CT scanner with a 50 kW x-ray tube. PET system time-of-flight resolution was measured to be 409 ± 39 ps and average system energy resolution was 11.7% ± 1.5% at 511 keV. The NEMA NU2-2012 system sensitivity was found to be 52-54 kcps MBq-1. Spatial resolution was 2.6 mm at 10 mm from the center of the FOV and 2.0 mm rods were clearly resolved on a mini-Derenzo phantom. Peak noise-equivalent count (NEC) rate, using the NEMA NU 2-2012 phantom, was measured to be 314 kcps at 9.2 kBq cc-1. The CT scanner passed the technical components of the American College of Radiology (ACR) accreditation tests. We have also performed scans of a Hoffman brain phantom and we show images from the first canine patient imaged on this device.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging*
  • Dogs
  • Equipment Design
  • Humans
  • Lutetium / chemistry
  • Pets*
  • Phantoms, Imaging
  • Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography / instrumentation*
  • Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed / standards*
  • Yttrium / chemistry

Substances

  • Yttrium
  • Lutetium