1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. catherine.auriemma@ uphs.upenn.edu.
2 Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
3 Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
4 Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.