The 2018 year signalled the 80th anniversary of the Social Security Act 1938. In order to implement this legislation, a historic compromise between the government and the medical profession created institutional arrangements for the New Zealand health system that endure to this day. The 2018 year also marked the commencement of a Ministerial review of the New Zealand health system. This article considers two intertwined arrangements which stem from the post-1938 compromise that the Ministerial review will need to address if goals of equity and, indeed, the original intent of the 1938 legislation are to be delivered upon: general practice patient charges; and ownership models. It describes the problems patient charges create, and options for ownership that the Ministerial review might contemplate.