The effect of inspiratory muscle fatigue on acid-base status and performance during race-paced middle-distance swimming

J Sports Sci. 2019 Jul;37(13):1499-1505. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1574250. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-induced inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF) on race-paced swimming and acid-base status. Twenty-one collegiate swimmers performed two discontinuous 400-m race-paced swims on separate days, with (IMF trial) and without (control trial) pre-induced IMF. Swimming characteristics, inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures, and blood parameters were recorded. IMF and expiratory muscle fatigue (P < 0.05) were evident after both trials and swimming time was slower (P < 0.05) from 150-m following IMF inducement. Pre-induced IMF increased pH before the swim (P < 0.01) and reduced bicarbonate (P < 0.05) and the pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) (P < 0.05). pH (P < 0.05), bicarbonate (P < 0.01) and PCO2 (P < 0.05) were lower during swimming in the IMF trial. Blood lactate was similar before both trials (P > 0.05) but was higher (P < 0.01) in the IMF trial after swimming. Pre-induced IMF induced respiratory alkalosis, reduced bicarbonate buffering capacity and slowed swimming speed. Pre-induced and propulsion-induced IMF reflected metabolic acidosis arising from dual role breathing and propulsion muscle fatigue.

Keywords: Stroke rate; acidosis; breathing frequency.

MeSH terms

  • Acid-Base Equilibrium*
  • Alkalosis, Respiratory / physiopathology
  • Athletic Performance / physiology*
  • Bicarbonates / blood
  • Carbon Dioxide / blood
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Lactic Acid / blood
  • Male
  • Muscle Fatigue / physiology*
  • Partial Pressure
  • Respiratory Muscles / physiology*
  • Respiratory Rate
  • Swimming / physiology*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Bicarbonates
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Lactic Acid