Short-term respiratory outcomes of neonates with symptomatic congenital lung malformations

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate short-term respiratory outcomes in neonates with symptomatic congenital lung malformations (CLM).

Methods: Consecutive newborns who underwent surgical resection of a CLM were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, prenatal, and outcomes data were analyzed as appropriate (p < 0.05).

Results: Twenty-one neonates were managed at a median gestational age of 36.2 weeks [interquartile range (IQR), 33.8-39.0]. Endotracheal intubation was required in 14 (66.7%) for a median of 7.5 days [interquartile range (IQR), 3.0-25.8]. Three (14.3%) children underwent ex utero intrapartum treatment-to-resection, and another 14 (66.7%) had neonatal lung resections performed at a median age of 2.0 days (IQR, 0.08-19.5 days). Excluding one patient who received comfort care at birth, all neonates survived to hospital discharge with a median length of hospitalization of 36.5 days (IQR, 23.8-56.5). More than one-quarter were discharged on supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula. Based on a median follow up of 35.5 months (IQR, 19.0-80.8), CLM-related morbidity was still evident in 55.0%.

Conclusion: Our study suggests a high incidence of complications and chronic respiratory morbidity after neonatal lung resection for symptomatic CLMs. These data highlight the need to provide realistic expectations in perinatal counseling discussions with families and the importance of coordinating appropriate multidisciplinary follow up for these children.

Level of evidence: Level IV.

Keywords: Bronchopulmonary sequestration; Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation; Congenital pulmonary airway malformation; Neonatal surgery.