To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among eastern Chinese rural residents and analyze the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and CKD.A cross-sectional survey of 1713 adults, enrolled from 4 villages in the north-central part of Zhejiang province in eastern China was conducted by collecting data on socioeconomic status, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m or urinary albumin/creatinine ratio more than 30 mg/g. The crude and adjusted prevalence of CKD was estimated and the association of socioeconomic status was analyzed by logistic regression.A total of 1654 adults (96.53%) completed the screening, and 1627 (98.37%) of them had complete questionnaire and test information. The standardized prevalence of CKD adjusted by age and sex was 9.21% (95% confidence interval, 7.8-10.63). People with hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, high fasting blood glucose, and high body mass index had higher risk for CKD. Socioeconomic status was found to be partly related to CKD, especially educational level and occupational nature.A high prevalence of CKD was observed among rural residents in north-central Zhejiang province in eastern China. Socioeconomic statuses were partly related to the prevalence of CKD.