[Use of steroids in neuro-oncology]

Rev Neurol. 2019 May 1;68(9):389-397. doi: 10.33588/rn.6809.2019083.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Corticosteroids are widely used in routine clinical practice in neuro-oncology. However, despite their widespread use, there is no established consensus on their indications, dosages and dosage schedule. This article reviews the mechanism of action of corticosteroids, their indications for use, side effects and the appropriate management, dosage and duration of therapy, as well as the role of new treatments currently being use to treat cerebral oedema. The most widely used corticosteroid in neuro-oncology is dexamethasone, probably due to its low mineralocorticoid effect and its long half-life. Its effect on cerebral oedema is fundamental in the symptomatic control of patients with brain tumours. It is recommended to start treatment only in symptomatic patients, in doses of 4-8 mg/24 h, always seeking the minimum effective dosage. Side effects associated with corticosteroid use are common and have a negative impact on patients' quality of life.

Title: Uso de esteroides en neurooncologia.

Los corticoides se utilizan ampliamente en la practica clinica habitual en neurooncologia. Sin embargo, pese a lo extendido de su uso, no existe un consenso establecido sobre sus indicaciones, dosis y posologia. En este articulo se realiza una revision bibliografica del mecanismo de accion de los corticoides, sus indicaciones de uso, efectos secundarios y manejo adecuado, dosis y duracion de la terapia, asi como el papel de nuevos tratamientos actuales para el edema cerebral. El corticoide con un uso mas extendido en neurooncologia es la dexametasona, probablemente por su escaso efecto mineralocorticoide y por su elevada vida media. Su efecto sobre el edema cerebral es fundamental en el control sintomatico de los pacientes con tumores cerebrales. Se recomienda iniciar tratamiento unicamente en pacientes sintomaticos, en dosis de 4-8 mg/24 h, buscando siempre la minima dosis eficaz. Los efectos secundarios asociados al uso de corticoides son frecuentes e impactan negativamente en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Brain Edema / drug therapy*
  • Brain Edema / etiology
  • Brain Neoplasms / complications
  • Decision Trees
  • Glucocorticoids / adverse effects
  • Glucocorticoids / pharmacology
  • Glucocorticoids / therapeutic use*
  • Humans
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic

Substances

  • Glucocorticoids