Noninvasive Respiratory Support in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

Respir Care. 2019 Jun;64(6):638-646. doi: 10.4187/respcare.06735.

Abstract

For more than 40 years, noninvasive ventilation has been the first-line preferred therapy for acute-on-chronic conditions, such as COPD and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The use of noninvasive ventilation in the treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure, however, has been met with mixed results associated with higher risks of intubation (failure of therapy) and with higher risks of mortality. The purpose of this review was to describe the current evidence and important considerations when patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure are managed with noninvasive ventilation.

Keywords: acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; high-flow nasal cannula; noninvasive ventilation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia / mortality
  • Hypoxia / physiopathology
  • Hypoxia / therapy*
  • Noninvasive Ventilation / adverse effects
  • Noninvasive Ventilation / methods*
  • Patient Selection
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / mortality
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / physiopathology
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / therapy*
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index