Hypercalcaemia, adrenal insufficiency and bilateral adrenal histoplasmosis in a middle-aged man: a diagnostic dilemma

BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Aug 28;12(8):e231142. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231142.

Abstract

A 45-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of involuntary weight loss, anorexia, postural dizziness and intermittent fever. On investigation, he was found to have parathyroid hormone (PTH)-independent hypercalcaemia, with negative workup for 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D excess, thyrotoxicosis, multiple myeloma and bony metastases. On further evaluation, he was detected to have primary hypoadrenalism with bilateral adrenal enlargement, secondary to adrenal histoplasmosis. Hypercalcaemia improved with hydration and physiological steroid replacement even before initiation of antifungal therapy, confirming adrenal insufficiency as the cause for hypercalcaemia. Hypercalcaemia resulting from hypoadrenalism secondary to adrenal histoplasmosis is rare and should be suspected whenever evaluating a patient with PTH-independent hypercalcaemia.

Keywords: adrenal disorders; calcium and bone; infections.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Insufficiency / drug therapy
  • Adrenal Insufficiency / etiology*
  • Biopsy
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Fludrocortisone / administration & dosage
  • Fludrocortisone / therapeutic use
  • Fluid Therapy
  • Histoplasmosis / complications
  • Histoplasmosis / diagnostic imaging*
  • Histoplasmosis / drug therapy
  • Histoplasmosis / therapy
  • Humans
  • Hypercalcemia / etiology*
  • Hypercalcemia / therapy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prednisolone / administration & dosage
  • Prednisolone / therapeutic use
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Prednisolone
  • Fludrocortisone