Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Functional Skeletal Muscle Tissue Using GelatinMethacryloyl-Alginate Bioinks

Rasoul Seyedmahmoud; Betül Çelebi-Saltik; Natan Barros; Rohollah Nasiri; Ethan Banton; Amir Shamloo; Nureddin Ashammakhi; Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci; Samad Ahadian

doi:10.3390/mi10100679

Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Functional Skeletal Muscle Tissue Using GelatinMethacryloyl-Alginate Bioinks

Micromachines (Basel). 2019 Oct 9;10(10):679. doi: 10.3390/mi10100679.

Authors

Rasoul Seyedmahmoud^{1

2

3}, Betül Çelebi-Saltik^{1

2

4}, Natan Barros^{1

2}, Rohollah Nasiri^{1

2

5}, Ethan Banton^{1

2}, Amir Shamloo⁵, Nureddin Ashammakhi^{1

2

6}, Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci^{2

6}, Samad Ahadian^{7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
² Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
³ College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
⁴ Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
⁵ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran.
⁶ Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
⁷ Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ahadian123@ucla.edu.
⁸ Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ahadian123@ucla.edu.

Abstract

Skeletal muscle tissue engineering aims to fabricate tissue constructs to replace or restore diseased or injured skeletal muscle tissues in the body. Several biomaterials and microscale technologies have been used in muscle tissue engineering. However, it is still challenging to mimic the function and structure of the native muscle tissues. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a powerful tool to mimic the hierarchical structure of native tissues. Here, 3D bioprinting was used to fabricate tissue constructs using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-alginate bioinks. Mechanical and rheological properties of GelMA-alginate hydrogels were characterized. C2C12 myoblasts at the density 8 × 10⁶ cells/mL were used as the cell model. The effects of alginate concentration (0, 6, and 8% (w/v)) and crosslinking mechanism (UV crosslinking or ionic crosslinking with UV crosslinking) on printability, cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of bioinks were studied. The results showed that 10% (w/v) GelMA-8% (w/v) alginate crosslinked using UV light and 0.1 M CaCl₂ provided the optimum niche to induce muscle tissue formation compared to other hydrogel compositions. Furthermore, metabolic activity of cells in GelMA bioinks was improved by addition of oxygen-generating particles to the bioinks. It is hoped that such bioprinted muscle tissues may find wide applications in drug screening and tissue regeneration.

Keywords: 3D bioprinting; GelMA-alginate bioink; muscle tissue engineering; oxygen-generating bioink.

Abstract

Grants and funding