1 Lehigh Valley Health Network, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Allentown Anesthesia Associates, Phymed Healthcare Group, Allentown, Pennsylvania.
2 Department of Anesthesiology, Valleycare-Stanford Hospital, Pleasanton, California.
3 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
4 Missoula Anesthesiology and The International Heart Institute of Montana, Missoula, Montana. Electronic address: nan.schwann@lvhn.org.