The membrane effects of melittin on gastric and colorectal cancer

PLoS One. 2019 Oct 17;14(10):e0224028. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224028. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

The cytotoxic effects of melittin, a bee-venom peptide, have been widely studied towards cancer cells. Typically, these studies have examined the effect of melittin over extended-time courses (6-24 hours), meaning that immediate cellular interactions have been overlooked. In this work, we demonstrate the rapid effects of melittin on both gastric and colorectal cancer, specifically AGS, COLO205 and HCT-15 cell lines, over a period of 15 minutes. Melittin exhibited a dose dependent effect at 4 hours of treatment, with complete cellular death occurring at the highest dose of 20 μg/mL. Interestingly, when observed at shorter time points, melittin induced cellular changes within seconds; membrane damage was observed as swelling, breakage or blebbing. High-resolution imaging revealed treated cells to be compromised, showing clear change in cellular morphology. After 1 minute of melittin treatment, membrane changes were observed, and intracellular material could be seen expelled from the cells. Overall, these results enhance our understanding of the fast acting anti-cancer effects of melittin.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Bee Venoms / pharmacology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Membrane / drug effects*
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Humans
  • Melitten / pharmacology*
  • Microscopy, Atomic Force
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence
  • Stomach Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Stomach Neoplasms / pathology

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Bee Venoms
  • Melitten

Grants and funding

CS was supported by a research training program (RTP) stipend scholarship (RSS) from the Australian Government, Department of Education and Training. PAR was supported by a Vice Chancellor’s Senior Research Fellowship, RMIT University.