The increasing number of patients with heart failure HF and comorbidities is due to aging population and increase of life expectancy of patients with cardiovascular disease. Encouraging results derived by recent trials may suggest some comorbidities as new targets for new drugs, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the comorbidities' effects in HF patients and the need of a multidisciplinary approach for the management of chronic HF with comorbidities. We report a brief review about main cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities in HF patients in order to update physicians and researchers engaged in the HF research or in "fight against heart failure."
Keywords: COPD; Cardio-oncology; Chronic heart failure; Chronic kidney disease; Coronary artery disease; Diabetes; Hypertension; Sleep apnea.
Copyright © 2019 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.