Objective: We provided baseline data for oral public health through epidemiological surveys to investigate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment proportion in 12- to 14-year-old adolescents in Jiangxi province, China.
Methods: Multi-stage random cluster sampling was used. A total of 5 387 12- to 14-year-old adolescents were examined by three professional dentists according to Angle's classification of malocclusion. The subjects were recruited from 30 secondary schools in five counties in Jiangxi Province. Results were statistically analyzed by SPSS19.0.
Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 79.67% among adolescents aged 12-14 years in Jiangxi province. The composition ratios of ClassⅠ, Class Ⅱ Division 1, Class Ⅱ Division 2, and Class Ⅲ malocclusion were 30.96%, 16.36%, 12.78%, and 19.13% respectively. ClassⅠmalocclusion had the highest composition ratio, and the most common clinical manifestation of malocclusion was dentition crowding with a prevalence of 91.30%. The prevalence rate of malocclusion was higher in boys than in girls at 81.16% and 78.21%, respectively (P<0.05). This condition had different prevalence rates in Nanchang, Yichun, Jiujiang, Shangrao, and Ganzhou (P<0.05) with the highest in Nanchang and lowest in Ganzhou. Malocclusion was related to caries, and its prevalence rate was higher in patients with caries than in those without caries (P<0.05). The orthodontic rate of malocclusion was 2.63%, and the value was higher for girls than that for boys (P<0.05). The rate of orthodontic in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Compared with local and international findings on malocclusion of adolescents, high prevalence and low orthodontic rate were found in Jiangxi province. Strengthening the combination of prevention and treatment is important for the physical and mental health of adolescents. We should actively conduct oral health education, popularize the knowledge of malocclusion, and actively treat caries.
目的 通过流行病学调查了解江西省12~14岁青少年错|HE|畸形的患病状况和矫治情况。方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样方法，根据安氏错|HE|畸形分类标准，由3名专业的口腔医师对江西省5个城市30个抽样点的5 387名12~14岁青少年进行口腔检查并记录错情况，结果用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果 江西省12~14岁青少年错|HE|畸形的患病率为79.67%，安氏Ⅰ类、安氏Ⅱ类1分类、安氏Ⅱ类2分类和安氏Ⅲ类错|HE|畸形患病率分别为30.96%、16.36%、12.78%和19.13%，安氏Ⅰ类错|HE|所占比例最高；最常见的临床表现为牙列拥挤，患病率为91.30%。男性错|HE|畸形患病率为81.16%，女性为78.21%，男性高于女性（P<0.05）；南昌、宜春、九江、上饶和赣州5个地区的患病率有差异（P<0.05），南昌市青少年错|HE|畸形的患病率最高，赣州市最低。错|HE|畸形与龋病相关，患龋者错|HE|畸形患病率高于无龋者（P<0.05）。江西省错|HE|畸形矫治率为2.63%，女性矫治率高于男性，城镇青少年矫治率高于乡村（P<0.05）。结论 与国内外其他地区的研究相比，江西省青少年错|HE|畸形患病率偏高，矫治率偏低，应坚持防治结合，加强口腔健康教育，普及错|HE|畸形知识，积极治疗龋病，对促进青少年的身心健康具有重要意义。.
Keywords: adolescents; caries; malocclusion; orthodontic treatment; prevalence.