Implementing guided ICBT for chronic pain and fatigue: A qualitative evaluation among therapists and managers

Rosalie van der Vaart; Margreet Worm-Smeitink; Yvonne Bos; Michel Wensing; Andrea Evers; Hans Knoop

doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100290

Implementing guided ICBT for chronic pain and fatigue: A qualitative evaluation among therapists and managers

Internet Interv. 2019 Oct 31:18:100290. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100290. eCollection 2019 Dec.

Authors

Rosalie van der Vaart¹, Margreet Worm-Smeitink², Yvonne Bos¹, Michel Wensing^{3

4}, Andrea Evers¹, Hans Knoop²

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Psychology, Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
² Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
³ Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
⁴ Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg, Germany.

Abstract

Introduction: Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) for chronic pain and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has a high potential to increase the number of patients who can receive an evidence based treatment aimed to reduce symptoms and/or disability and to lower burden on (mental) health care. However, implementing a new behaviour-change intervention, and especially an online intervention, has shown to be a challenge. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the implementation process of ICBT for chronic pain and CFS in mental health care.

Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with therapists and managers from twelve mental health care clinics was conducted. Questions and analysis were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), covering five domains: (1) the implemented intervention, (2) individual characteristics of the users, (3) the inner setting of implementation, (4) the outer setting, and (5) the implementation process.

Results: In all five domains important facilitators and barriers were found. Key themes were: (1) the quality of the content, its perceived effectiveness and usability, (2) the attitude, self-efficacy and ability to learn new skills among therapists, and motivation to start online treatment among patients, (3) internal communication within a team, existing workload, and top-down support from the management, (4) availability of reimbursement options and marketing strategies, and (5) involvement of all key stakeholders, steering towards independence of the implementation sites during the process and adequate training of therapists.

Conclusions: This study provides insight in the challenge of implementing ICBT for chronic pain and CFS in daily clinical practice. Several lessons can be learned from the interviews with therapists and managers which can also be more broadly applied to (ICBT) implementation projects in general. Development of practical tools to support the implementation process would be a valuable next step to overcome certain challenges at forehand and to properly prepare for those expected to come along.

Keywords: Chronic fatigue syndrome; Implementation; Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy; Pain; Qualitative evaluation.