Just over 100 years ago, John Scott Haldane published a seminal report about the therapeutic potential of supplemental oxygen to treat hypoxemia. In the 1980s, a pair of clinical trials confirmed the benefit of long-term oxygen therapy in improving survival in patients with COPD associated with severe resting hypoxemia. This review provides a summary of evidence supporting long-term and short-term oxygen therapy, as well as the various types of oxygen equipment commonly used in homes to deliver supplemental oxygen. Because the majority of orders for home oxygen occur at hospital discharge following acute illness, a typical conversation between a patient and their pulmonologist following a COPD exacerbation is presented. The SHERLOCK Consortium, a multi-stakeholder group established following the publication of the COPD National Action Plan in 2017 is also detailed. Interim results of the SHERLOCK Consortium, which suggest a chain of care involving 9 steps to ensure that patients are successfully initiated on home oxygen therapy during transitions from hospital to home, are presented. Recommendations to support evidence-based policies in this high-risk population are provided.
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