Desmoplastic stromal changes in cutaneous neural granular cell tumors: An under-recognized histopathologic feature of diagnostic and prognostic importance

J Cutan Pathol. 2020 May;47(5):431-438. doi: 10.1111/cup.13635. Epub 2019 Dec 30.

Abstract

Background: Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon mucocutaneous and soft tissue neoplasms with distinctive histopathologic appearance but controversial histogenesis. Herein, we report a variant of cutaneous GCT featuring extensive desmoplastic stroma which may result in diagnostic difficulties with mesenchymal proliferations, particularly a dermatofibroma.

Methods: Following a recent case of GCT with prominent stromal desmoplasia, we reviewed all cases diagnosed as GCT during the past 10 years accessioned at the dermatopathology unit in a tertiary university hospital.

Results: Three additional cases with a similar excessive connective tissue were identified out of a total of 49 GCTs. Cytoplasmic granularity was often subtle and focal, S100 expression was weak, and nuclei had a tendency to show spindling in tumor cells entrapped within the desmoplastic areas. Of note, nuclear spindling is one of the criteria used to diagnose an atypical/malignant GCT.

Conclusion: We propose the term "desmoplastic GCT" for these tumors, which not only appropriately addresses the stromal changes but also raises an awareness of GCT being one of the cutaneous tumors which may show stromal desmoplasia. Differential diagnostic difficulties apart, awareness of this phenomenon is important so that desmoplasia and resultant spindling are not linked with potential aggressive behavior.

Keywords: cutaneous neoplasms; desmoplasia; diagnostic criteria; granular cell tumor; prognosis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antigens, CD / metabolism
  • Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / metabolism
  • Awareness
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism*
  • Cell Nucleus / pathology
  • Cell Nucleus / ultrastructure*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Granular Cell Tumor / metabolism
  • Granular Cell Tumor / pathology*
  • Granular Cell Tumor / surgery
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue / pathology
  • Prognosis
  • S100 Proteins / metabolism
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology
  • Soft Tissue Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • CD68 antigen, human
  • S100 Proteins